卑爾根工作成癮量表

Reference: Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., Hetland, J. & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a work addiction scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology.

卑爾根工作成癮量表; Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS)

從不（1分）、很少（2分）、偶爾（3分）、經常（4分）、總是（5分）

＿＿＿ 1.你會思考如何抽出時間來工作
＿＿＿ 2.你在工作上所花時間，比原先預期多
＿＿＿ 3.你工作是為減低罪惡感、無助和憂鬱
＿＿＿ 4.別人曾勸你減少工作量，卻置之不理
＿＿＿ 5.假使不讓你工作，你會感覺壓力
＿＿＿ 6.你為了工作，將休閒和運動放一邊
＿＿＿ 7.你的工作量大到對身體造成負面影響

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說明：若上述7題中，超過4題得分為4分或5分，即可算是工作狂。

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原始出處報導(http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/international/20120426/34187076)

挪威研究員針對25個產業，調查1萬2135名員工，配合各類型成癮症診斷標準，研發出「卑爾根工作成癮量表」，藉以區分工作狂與否。研究員指現代社會工作狂「每下愈況」，徵兆包括總是思考如何抽出時間工作、花在工作的時間比預期多、為減低罪惡感、焦慮、無助或憂鬱，而全力投入工作。

卑爾根大學科學家安德莉森指，過去研究顯示，工作成癮症常跟失眠、健康、過勞和壓力有關，也常造成工作和家庭衝突。新研究也發現，標準工作狂常對別人勸說減少工作置之不理，每當無法工作時就會感到壓力，為工作寧願把嗜好、休閒活動和運動放一邊，甚至工作量會大到影響身體等。

此研究發表在《斯堪地那維亞心理學期刊》。卑爾根工作成癮量表反映出成癮症的7大核心元素，「顯著、情緒改變、寬容、退卻、衝突、復發和問題」。

（放您屎的註解：原文是：Seven core elements of addiction: salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, relapse, and problems；記者的英文真的不太好？要不然就是完全沒去看paper原文）
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Abstract: Research into excessive work has gained increasing attention over the last 20 years. Terms such as “workaholism,”“work addiction” and “excessive work” have been used interchangeably. Given the increase in empirical research, this study presents the development of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS), a new psychometrically validated scale for the assessment of work addiction. A pool of 14 items, with two reflecting each of seven core elements of addiction (i.e., salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, relapse, and problems) was initially constructed. The items were then administered to two samples, one recruited by a web survey following a television broadcast about workaholism (n = 11,769) and one comprising participants in the second wave of a longitudinal internet-based survey about working life (n = 368). The items with the highest corrected item-total correlation from within each of the seven addiction elements were retained in the final scale. The assumed one-factor solution of the refined seven-item scale was acceptable (root mean square error of approximation = 0.077, Comparative Fit Index = 0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.95) and the internal reliability of the two samples were 0.84 and 0.80, respectively. The scores of the BWAS converged with scores on other workaholism scales, except for a Work Enjoyment subscale. A suggested cut-off for categorization of workaholics showed good discriminative ability in terms of working hours, leadership position, and subjective health complaints. It is concluded that the BWAS has good psychometric properties.